Choosing the correct tyres for winter

Choosing the correct tyres for winter
Telegraph journalist Chris Knapman visits the Porsche expertise Centre to place winter and summer tyres to the take a look at

This is exactly things wherever the owner of a four-wheel-drive SUV ought to be feeling self-satisfied.

Sat at rock bottom of a hill, its surface sheeny with ice, you push the accelerator to the ground and wait all of these costly differentials to try and do their job.

You creep forward, however not as you would possibly suppose, for whereas the speedo is rising it's wheel speed and not road speed that you’re gaining. The handwheel has gone lightweight in your hands and has very little influence on your direction of travel, inflicting panic as your two-tonne automobile begins to wander toward the verge. You stop before you hit something, however currently you’re stuck. And you’re want you had invested with in an exceedingly set of these winter tyres that everyone keeps talking concerning.

In fact, the proper term is cold-weather tyres, however “winter tyres” has become the vernacular thus that’s what we’ll keep on with. And to ascertain specifically however sensible they're we tend to spent on a daily basis at the Porsche expertise Centre at Silverstone, that with great care happens to possess its own "Ice Hill" snuggled between the high-speed take a look at tracks. This seven per cent slope options a low-friction surface and 2 computer-controlled water jets to simulate the sort of conditions that for the last 2 years have sent British roads into a state of chaos.

Time to place into apply what we tend to preach.
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A two-wheeled drive automobile on winter tyres is best than a four-wheel-drive automobile on summer tyres...

Having concerning ( اسپری پنچرگیری لاستیک ) managed to zigzag angularity our thanks to the highest of the Ice Hill in an exceedingly four-wheel-drive Cayenne on summer tyres, we tend to square measure planning to attempt one thing slightly completely different.

Climbing down from the large SUV I land within the seat of a rear-wheel drive, superior Porsche Boxster and come back to rock bottom of the Ice Hill. In theory the Boxster shouldn’t stand an opportunity here, however as I slot the gearlever into drive and meet the throttle it begins to maneuver. Be too formidable with the facility and also the rear wheels can still spin, however with a trifle of restraint it ascends Capitol Hill with ease, its steering crisp and controlled. The distinction, of course, is that it’s carrying winter tyres.

...but a four-wheel-drive automobile with winter tyres is best once more

With that expertise beneath our belt it’s no surprise to search out that swapping to our third and final automobile, a four-wheel-drive Cayenne on winter tyres, we tend to build it to the highest of Capitol Hill with ease. In fact, such is that the grip on provide that you just got to be quite aggressive with the controls for all the world dramatic to happen.

It’s an analogous story after we place the cars through a slalom, this point movement down the Ice Hill. On summer tyres the Cayenne doesn’t even build the primary flip, understeering dispiritedly before threatening to travel into an enormous spin. attempt a similar within the Boxster on cold-weather tyres and you continue to ought to work the steering, applying [*fr1] a flip of opposite lock as you guide the automobile between the obstacles, however the distinction is that as presently as you straighten the handwheel the tyres regain grip.

Again although, it’s the Cayenne on winter tyres that puts within the strongest performance, weaving through the slalom while not a retardant. And it’s not simply that you just will see and feel the grip, however you'll be able to hear it too, the tyres thrumming happily as they bite into the surface.

Four-wheel-drive would possibly facilitate to you get weaving, however it’s of no use once you’re making an attempt to prevent

Our driver within the Cayenne on summer tyres may need had a torrid time going to the highest of Capitol Hill, however currently there he will continue on his manner. Before he is aware of it he's heading back downhill once more at a gradual 24mph once, within the distance, he sees a lorry has jack-knifed and is obstructing the road. He brakes as onerous as he will, however whereas he will feel the ABS system pulsing through the pedal the automobile sails forward, its speed barely decreasing because the tyres glide across the paved surface. on it same seven per cent Ice Hill it takes fifty five metres to return to a whole stop. From the driver’s seat it's, quite candidly, terrifying.

Behind, the Cayenne with winter tyres is movement at precisely the same speed. recognizing the lorry at a similar purpose it too performs Associate in Nursing emergency stop. once more the ABS pulses, however this point the nose dives because the tyres grip, and also the automobile involves a halt in only thirty metres.

In fact, thus effective square measure the tyres that it takes the Cayenne simply 5 metres additional to prevent than the abundant lighter Boxster.

What makes winter tyres thus effective?

First, the tread pattern. Winter tyres feature additional “sipes” (or grooves) among the tread blocks (Michelin’s winter tyres feature concerning one,500 sipes, compared with two hundred for a traditional tyre) to supply traction and stability. In snow these sipes truly fill with snow, that then grips to the snow on the road (imagine rolling a snowball) to supply traction. there'll even be a better groove to rubber quantitative relation to assist clear water and scale back aquaplaning.

Winter tyres even have a distinct compound, with a high-silica content which means that they keep softer, additional pliable and so provide additional grip at low temperatures than summer tyres.

When finding out new rubber, SUV drivers may additionally encounter Mud and Snow tyres, that square measure outlined by TyreSafe as those “whose tread and structure square measure designed to relinquish higher handling than traditional tyres in slush and contemporary or melting snow”. However, there are not any rules stating that such tyres ought to conjointly feature a winter-specific compound, that is thus essential to performance in cold conditions. to make sure that the tyres square measure winter-specific, rummage around for a snowflake or snow-topped mountain image on the sidewall.

When ought to I work winter tyres and the way abundant can they cost?

Due to their compound, winter tyres acquire their own as presently because the temperature drops below seven degrees C. that's to mention, from late October till March you’ll take pleasure in superior acceleration, braking and handling – and so safety – if your automobile has winter tyres fitted. That applies on dry, clear roads, and their advantage over summer tyres solely will increase in rain, snow and ice.

As for price, it depends on the automobile you drive and also the tyre you decide on to shop for. For the Cayenne we’ve been testing, Associate in Nursing approved wheel and winter tyre package from Porsche prices from £1,600, and for the Boxster from £1,800. Audi sells wheel and tyre packages from £799 (or tyres solely from a awfully cheap £325), and at the moment is throwing in an exceedingly year’s margin help if you purchase wheels and tyres.

The other choice is to supply your own winter rubber, that you’ll be paying concerning £350 and £40-60 for fitting, betting on that tyres you decide on and wherever you are taking them to be fitted. For the latter, it’s well price phoning around for a couple of quotes.

Remember too that the performance of a summer tyre can vary tremendously betting on what quantity you pay, and also the same applies to winter rubber.

Other concerns

- Last winter the Association of British Insurers printed a winter tyre agreement, stating that insurers wouldn't charge a further premium if customers value more highly to work winter tyres. As such, there shouldn’t be any associated price with creating the swap, however it’s price a fast courtesy decision to let your underwriter grasp.

- It sounds obvious, however contemplate wherever you’re planning to store your existing wheels and tyres. If you don’t have space reception then your main dealer may need area and be happy to store them. generally this may price concerning £10 a month, though some dealers may need special offers (Suzuki is presently charging customers £49.99 for a year).

- keep in mind that winter tyres should be fitted to any or all four wheels. solely fitting them to the driven wheels on a two-wheel-drive automobile can end in unbalanced handling and braking.

- If you already use winter tyres keep in mind to envision that they need decent tread. The AA advises a minimum of 3mm for winter driving, and no but 2mm.

Apple Wireless Keyboard: a way to install or replace batteries

Apple wireless mouse operation and maintenance coaching

Troubleshooting wireless keyboard and mouse problems article

Some desktop computers with wireless keyboards or mice area unit shipped with the devices pre-paired and therefore the batteries pre-installed. As long because the wireless devices area unit hopped-up on once the pc starts up, no extra steps ought to be necessary to create them work. If one or each of the wireless devices don't operate evidently, use the data below to spot and resolve the problem.

Note: These directions work with mack OS X v10.5 Leopard.  For troubleshooting wireless keyboard and mouse problems in mack OS X v10.6 cat, see Desktop computers: Troubleshooting wireless mouse and keyboard problems.
Resolution

Make sure the wireless keyboard and mouse area unit turned on

If the system has already started up and therefore the keyboard or mouse indicator light-weight is flashing, the keyboard or mouse is "discoverable" by the pc and will not presently be paired with the pc. For additional data on pairing wireless devices see a way to found out your Apple Wireless Keyboard.

Reset the Bluetooth device
First strive turning your device off so on once more. Once hopped-up on, the wireless device can stay within the "discoverable" mode for 3 minutes. For additional data see sanctionative determinable mode.

Restart the pc
Try restarting your pc to visualize if that addresses the problem. If not, strive motion down your pc, waiting a moment, so beginning it copy once more.

Check battery levels

Your mack can inform you after you ought to replace the batteries within the keyboard and mouse. you'll conjointly manually check the battery level of the Apple Wireless Keyboard and Apple Wireless Mouse by following these steps:

 opt for System Preferences from the Apple  menu.
 opt for Keyboard & Mouse from the read menu.
 choose the Bluetooth tab.

       Note: The battery indicator doesn't show battery levels of non-Apple Bluetooth mice and keyboards.  If you do not see battery indicator, ensure you're victimisation associate degree Apple Wireless Mouse or Keyboard.

Check for signal interference
Because Bluetooth works by transmittal signals through the air, some things will interfere with the wireless association. Avoid things within which metal objects come back between the device and therefore the pc. do not place the pc below a metal table or latched away behind a metal cupboard. Keep conductor phone base stations, microwave ovens, and alternative electrical devices that treat a a pair of.4 gigacycle information measure away, and ensure that the wireless device and pc are not over thirty feet aside from one another.

Archived - Apple Wireless Mouse: a way to Install or Replace Batteries

The Apple Wireless Mouse uses 2 AA batteries. to put in the batteries:

 flip the mouse over and switch it off.
 take away the battery compartment cowl.
    Slide the batteries into the battery compartment as shown in Figure one.
    Replace the battery compartment cowl.
 flip the mouse on if you're able to use it.

    Figure one Inserting batteries

If you have got ne'er paired your mouse along with your pc, you will need to try to to that before you'll use it. See Bluetooth: a way to found out Your Apple Wireless Mouse for additional data.

If you have got antecedently paired your mouse along with your pc, you are doing not got to found out the mouse once more once exchange the batteries. The mouse ought to mechanically try itself with the pc a number of moments once you switch it on.

The Apple Wireless Mouse comes with 2 nonrechargeable AA metallic element batteries. you'll conjointly use base-forming or reversible AA batteries.

Important: ensure to place the positive and negative ends of the batteries within the mouse as shown in Figure one. The mouse won't activate if the batteries area unit incorrectly put in.

When you amendment the batteries, replace all of them at an equivalent time with an equivalent quite battery. With metallic element and alternative battery varieties, don't open the batteries, expose them to flame, or in the other means violate the manufacturer's directions. eliminate batteries in keeping with native laws and laws.

For additional data, see the Apple Wireless Mouse User Guide.

Archived - Apple Wireless Keyboard: a way to install or replace batteries

The Apple Wireless Keyboard comes with four nonrechargeable AA metallic element batteries. you'll conjointly use base-forming or reversible AA batteries.

Note: If you wish to put in or replace batteries within the newer Al Apple Wireless Keyboard, see this text.
To install the batteries

 flip the keyboard over and switch it off.
 take away the battery compartment cowl and batteries.
    Slide the batteries into the battery compartment as shown in Figure one.
    Replace the battery compartment cowl.
 flip the keyboard on if you're able to use it.



Figure 1

Inserting batteries

 

If you have got ne'er paired your keyboard along with your pc, you will need to try to to that before you'll use it. See this text for additional data.

If you have got antecedently paired your keyboard along with your pc, you are doing not got to found out the keyboard once more once exchange the batteries. The keyboard ought to mechanically try itself with the pc a number of moments once you switch it on.

Important: ensure to place the positive and negative ends of the batteries within the keyboard as shown in Figure one. The keyboard won't activate if the batteries area unit incorrectly put in.

When you amendment the batteries, replace all of them at an equivalent time with an equivalent quite battery. With metallic element and alternative battery varieties, don't open the batteries, expose them to flame, or in the other means violate the manufacturer's directions. eliminate batteries in keeping with native laws and laws.

For additional data, see the Apple Wireless Keyboard User Guide.

article source : موس بی سیم طرح اپل

Apple WebSite : Apple

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